连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较

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连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较本文简介:连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较(2008-1-2916:51)先看下面一道单项选择题:______impressedmemostwas______suchalittleboycouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That

连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较本文内容:

连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较

(

2008-1-29

16:51

)

先看下面一道单项选择题:

______impressed

me

most

was

______such

a

little

boy

could

play

the

violin

so

well.

A.

That;

what

B.

What;

that

C.

That;

that

D.

What;

what

很明显,这道题考查的知识要点是名词性从句。名词性从句是高中阶段的重要语法项目之一,也是历年高考英语试题考查的重要语法项目之一,是高中阶段的重点,也是难点,尤其对于连接代词that

和what

的用法,不少学生感到十分困惑,做题几乎是靠“蒙”来寻求答案。以这道题为例,第一空是what

引导的主语从句,并在主语从句中作主语;第二空是that

引导的表语从句,that在表语从句中不能省略,不作成分,也没词义。虽然that

和what

都可以引导名词性从句,但他们在句子中的语法功能截然不同。下面我们结合2005年和2006年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that

与

what

的相关题目对二者在引导名词性从句时的用法加以比较和区别。

一.2006年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that

与

what

的相关题目

1.

----

What

did

your

parents

think

about

your

decision?

----

They

always

let

me

do

I

think

I

should.

A.

when

B.

that

C.

how

D.

what

(

全国II

T16

)

解析:这一题的正确答案是D。what

在本题中引导名词性从句并作动词do

的宾语。

2.Engines

are

to

machines

hearts

are

to

animals.

A.

as

B.

that

C.

what

D.

which

(

山东

T23

)

解析:这一题的正确答案是C。本题汉语意思为“发动机对于机器正如心脏对于动物一样”。该句式是一个固定句型,其基本结构是“A

is

to

B

what

C

is

to

D”。在这个句型结构中,what

引导的表语从句作第一个are

的表语,同时what

在表语从句中又作表语。

3.

With

his

work

completed,the

businessman

stepped

back

to

his

seat,feeling

pleased

he

was

a

man

of

action.

A.

which

B.

that

C.

what

D.

whether

(

湖南

T34

)

解析:这一题的正确答案是B。本题考查宾语从句的用法,因从句he

was

a

man

of

action

为主系表结构,不缺少句子成分,且表达肯定意义,所以此空应填入连词that,that

只起连接作用,不作句子成分。

4.-----

It’s

thirty

years

since

we

last

met.

-----

But

I

still

remember

the

story,believe

it

or

not,we

got

lost

on

a

rainy

night.

A.

which

B.

that

C.

what

D.

when

(

四川

T30

)

解析:这一题的正确答案是B。本题考查that

引导的同位语从句的用法,两个逗号之间的部分believe

it

or

not

为插入语,因空的后面是一个语法意义上完整的句子,可以断定这是一个以that

引导的同位语从句。A

项which

引导定语从句在从句中要作成分;C项What

引导名词性从句时意思是

“----的东西/事情/人/时间/地点等”,等同于定语从句中的“先行词

+

that”,本句中已有先行词

the

story,如选

what造成语意的重复;D项when

引导定语从句从句缺少表时间的先行词。

二.that

引导的名词性从句

首先,在引导名词性从句时,that

一般具有不可省略性。

连接代词that除引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略外,引导其他各类名词性从句皆不能省略。例如:

①

It

is

required

in

the

regulations

that

you

should

not

tell

other

people

the

password

of

your

e-mail

account.

(

2005

天津

)

②

----

Don’t

you

think

it

necessary

that

he

not

be

sent

to

Miami

but

to

New

York?

-----

I

agree,but

the

problem

is

that

he

has

refused

to.

(

2005

江苏

)

③

There

is

much

chance

that

Bill

will

recover

from

his

injury

in

time

for

the

race.

(

2006

天津

T14

)

④

Our

English

teacher

told

us

(that)

we

all

did

very

well

in

the

examination

and

that

ten

of

us

got

full

mark.

分别引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句和宾语从句,除在第四个例句中第一个that

可以省略外,其他的that

均不可省略。

其次,在引导名词性从句时,that不作句子中的任何成分。例如:

①

Nobody

believed

his

reason

for

being

absent

from

the

class

that

he

had

to

meet

his

uncle

at

the

airport.

(

2006

重庆

T33

)

该句中,that引导同位语从句,但在句中不作任何成分。

②

It

is

our

belief

that

improvements

in

health

care

will

lead

to

a

stronger,more

prosperous

economy.

(

2006

浙江

T4

)

该句中,it

是形式主语,that引导的主语从句才是整个句子的真正主语,that在句中不作任何成分。

最后,在引导名词性从句时,that没有任何词汇意义。

①

A

warm

thought

suddenly

came

to

me

that

I

might

use

the

pocket

money

to

buy

some

flowers

for

my

mother’s

birthday.

(

2006

安徽

T29

)

②

Danby

left

word

with

my

secretary

that

he

would

call

again

in

the

afternoon.

(

2005浙江)

在以上两个考例中,that仅起引导同位语从句的作用,没有任何词汇意义。

综上所述,that

在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点:不可省略,不作成分,没有词义。

三.

what引导的名词性从句

首先,what

引导名词性从句时,what

在句中不省略。

这一用法与that引导名词性从句时的用法不尽相同。

①

He

spoke

proudly

of

his

part

in

the

game,without

mentioning

what

his

teammates

had

done.

(

2006

上海

T39

)

what

在该句中引导宾语从句,what

不可省略。

②

Great

changes

have

taken

place

in

that

school.

It

is

no

longer

what

it

was

20

years

ago,when

it

was

so

poorly

equipped.

(

2005

安徽

)

what在该句中引导表语从句,但在句中不可省略。

其次,what

引导名词性从句时,具有词汇意义。

这是what

与that

引导名词性从句的重要区别之一,What

一般指“----的东西/事情/人/时间/地点等”。例如:

①

Do

you

have

any

idea

what

is

actually

going

on

in

the

classroom?

(2005

辽宁

)

what在该句中引导同位语从句并作这个同位语从句的主语,词义为“----的东西、事情”,整个句子的汉语意思是“你知道教室里到底发生了什么事”。

②

It

is

what

you

do

rather

than

what

you

say

that

matters.

(

2005

天津

)

这是一个强调句型,被强调的部分是由what引导的两个主语从句,what在句中的词义为“----的东西、事情”,整个句子的汉语意思是“关键要看你做什么而不是说什么”。

最后,what

引导名词性从句时不仅只起引导作用,同时还要作句中的某个句法成分。

这一点是what

在引导名词性从句时与that

用法区别的关键所在。

①

I

just

wonder

that

makes

him

so

excited.

A.

why

it

does

B.

what

he

does

C.

how

it

is

D.

what

it

is

(

2006

山东

T32

)

这一题的正确答案是D,是一个强调句型作宾语的典型考例,被强调的成分what

在句中不仅只起引导宾语从句的作用,同时在宾语从句中作makes

的主语。

②

A

modern

city

has

been

set

up

in

what

was

a

wasteland

ten

years

ago.

(

2004

天津

)

在这个句子中,what

引导的从句作了介词in

的宾语,同时what

又在宾语从句中充当主语,意思是“……的地方”。值得注意的是,在引导名词性从句时,that

引导的句子一般不作介词的宾语,相反,由what

引导的句子作介词宾语的情况显得更为常见。例如:

③

The

other

day,my

brother

drove

his

car

down

the

street

at

what

I

thought

was

a

dangerous

speed.

(

2004

上海春招

)

本题中,介词at后面用了what引导的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中作主语,而that不可以这样使用。

综上所述,what

在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点:不可省略,作成分,有词义。

总之,掌握连接代词that和what在引导名词性从句时的用法并不难,关键是要多读多背多训练,常言说“熟能生巧”,希望各位英语习得者悟其道而践其行。

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