英语中 什么是就近原则
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时间:2025-10-31 14:33:23
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就近原则
也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。正式文体中一关联词语1、there be...eg:There is a boy in the classroom.这有个男孩在教室里。2、neither …nor 既不...也不...Eg:Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。not only处于靠前句的句首,这时这个句子的主谓语要倒装。(also也可以省略)Eg:Not only is the book long,but also it is boring.这本书(内容)又长又枯燥3、either …or 不是…就是…,…或…,要么…要么…;Eg:Either they or Jim is going to shanghai next Saturday.他们或者吉姆下星期六要去上海。4、whether…or 是...还是,不管...还是Eg:You may have paid for it, but it is the professor's job to make sure you get what you paid for... whether you like it or not.5、not only…but also不仅 … 而且 ...;Eg:Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。6、not…butEg:Not you but your father is to blame .不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。二 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面靠前个主语一致非正式文体中有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式)Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。Eg:No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。